Table 3. Average daily intake, metabolic energy, and body parameters of dogs fed with various carbohydrate sources diets

Items (unit)	Barley	Brown rice	Corn	Mung bean	Rice	F value	Pr (> F)
ADFI (g/day)1)	292.0 ± 4.76a2)	283.1 ± 4.67ab	289.1 ± 4.77a	269.9 ± 4.43b	291.9 ± 4.73a	3.96	< 0.01
ME intake (kcal/day)3)	787.0 ± 12.84	764.2 ± 12.60	764.2 ± 12.60	788.1 ± 12.92	782.2 ± 12.67	0.89	0.480
Body weight (kg)
Initial	12.1 ± 0.94	12.6 ± 1.10	12.4 ± 0.98	12.6 ± 1.20	11.7 ± 0.72	1.19	0.331
Final	12.4 ± 0.98	12.6 ± 1.20	12.6 ± 1.10	12.6 ± 1.12	12.1 ± 0.94	0.28	0.887
BWG (g)	300.0 ± 98.20ab	25.0 ± 75.00b	137.5 ± 83.32ab	25.0 ± 61.96b	462.5 ± 93.90a	5.15	< 0.01
FCR (ADFI/BWG)	−0.4	0.8	1.3	0.5	0.6	0.56	0.694

ADFI values were calculated based on dry matter.
Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.
ME was calculated using the following equation: ME (kcal/d) = (crude protein × 3.5) + (ether extract × 8.5) + (nitrogen-free extract × 3.5).
Different letters indicate significant differences between means. The letters a and ab or ab and b indicate non-significant differences. Additionally, if the ANOVA was not statistically significant, no letters were displayed in the table.
ADFI, average daily feed intake; ME, metabolizable energy; BWG, body weight gain; FCR, feed conversion ratio; SEM, standard error of the mean.