Table 4. Effect of grain vinegar feeding on milk fatty acid profile of Holstein cows

% of total FA1)	Control2)	Vinegar	SEM	p-value
C4:0	2.106	2.066	0.04	0.151
C5:0	0.015	0.015	0.00	0.797
C6:0	1.752	1.744	0.02	0.668
C7:0	0.024	0.024	0.00	0.787
C8:0	1.194	1.205	0.01	0.499
C9:0	0.032	0.032	0.00	0.828
C10:0	3.101	3.156	0.06	0.456
C11:0	0.333	0.343	0.01	0.446
C12:0	3.778	3.856	0.01	0.494
iso-C13:0	0.026	0.025	0.00	0.737
iso-C14:0	0.166	0.146	0.01	0.018
C14:0	12.305	12.383	0.17	0.495
iso-C15:0	0.192	0.181	0.00	0.006
t-C14:1	0.009	0.011	0.00	0.018
anteiso-C15:0	0.495	0.484	0.01	0.278
C14:1	0.898	0.945	0.05	0.291
C15:0	1.084	1.073	0.03	0.688
iso-C16:0	0.034	0.032	0.01	0.034
C16:0	32.917	32.996	0.04	0.898
iso-C17:0	0.286	0.278	0.01	0.161
C16:1	1.664	1.689	0.05	0.705
C17:0	0.519	0.508	0.01	0.566
C18:0	10.519	10.287	0.41	0.605
t6-C18:1	0.278	0.270	0.00	0.085
t9-C18:1	0.203	0.200	0.00	0.478
t10-C18:1	0.294	0.290	0.00	0.545
t11-C18:1	1.184	1.128	0.04	0.273
c6-C18:1	0.393	0.382	0.01	0.140
c9-C18:1	17.800	17.911	0.35	0.670
c11-C18:1	0.427	0.432	0.02	0.649
c13-C18:1	0.232	0.226	0.00	0.299
c15-C18:1	0.269	0.264	0.00	0.370
C19:0	0.105	0.102	0.00	0.396
c17-C18:1	0.224	0.222	0.00	0.772
c12,15-C18:2	0.041	0.037	0.00	0.057
n6-C18:2	1.869	1.885	0.03	0.673
C20:0	0.127	0.125	0.00	0.718
n6-C18:3	0.025	0.024	0.00	0.530
t11-C20:1	0.008	0.007	0.00	0.384
c11-C20:1	0.081	0.082	0.00	0.819
n3-C18:3	0.261	0.257	0.01	0.675
c9t11-C18:2	0.576	0.566	0.02	0.774
t10c12-C18:2	0.007	0.006	0.00	0.700
C21:0	0.015	0.015	0.00	0.861
c9c11-C18:2	0.007	0.007	0.00	0.745
C20:2	0.031	0.032	0.00	0.727
C22:0	0.036	0.034	0.00	0.462
n6-C20:3	0.083	0.082	0.00	0.781
n6-C20:4	0.106	0.108	0.00	0.399
C23:0	0.016	0.016	0.00	0.958
n3-20:5	0.022	0.024	0.00	0.034
C24:0	0.024	0.023	0.00	0.557
C22:4	0.018	0.017	0.00	0.526
n3-C22:5	0.047	0.046	0.00	0.742
De novo	25.17	25.38	0.31	0.473

Proportion of fatty acids from de novo synthesis was calculated as the sum of 4- to 16-carbon fatty acids, odd and branched chain fatty acids were excluded.
Control, no treatment; Vinegar; 2 L of 4.5% acetic acid equivalent per day.