Table 7. The effect freezing and thawing treatment in addition various ascorbic acids on sperm quality before freezing and after thawing

Parameter¹⁾	Δ % Motilty	Δ % Viability	Δ % Abnormality	Δ% PIM
C0	25.57 ± 4.31²⁾	22.13 ± 2,34	−40.43 ± 19.57	5.71 ± 1.97^a
C1	23.43 ± 4.99	21.57 ± 2.82	−33.57 ± 28.67	6.43 ± 0.98^a
C2	22.43 ± 3.99	19.15 ± 3.67	−32.43 ± 19.58	8.43 ± 2.07^a
C3	24.14 ± 6.62	20.28 ± 5.09	−40.57 ± 14.91	8.57 ± 1.62^a
C4	25.86 ± 4.29	20.57 ± 3.31	−27.29 ± 15.55	6.59 ± 2.29^a
L0	25.95 ± 4.46	22.52 ± 2.43	−38.55 ± 21.08	12.63 ± 3.35^b
L1	23.96 ± 4.51	21.76 ± 3.22	−30.93 ± 29.89	13.83 ± 1.04^bc
L2	22.77 ± 3.86	19.34 ± 3.50	−29.92 ± 20.51	15.32 ± 3.01^bc
L3	24.59 ± 6.69	20.75 ± 5.01	−38.59 ± 15.09	15.79 ± 2.85^c
L4	25.24 ± 4.30	22.14 ± 3.41	−24.53 ± 16.09	12.53 ± 3.69^b

C0–C4 additional ascorbic acid (1%–4%; 1–4 mg/100 mL semen diluent); L0-L4 additional lycopene (1%–4%; 1–4 mg/100 mL semen diluent).
Data show all mean ± standard error of means.
Means in a column with different superscripts differ significantly at p < 0.05.
PMI, plasma membrane integrity.