Table 5. Effect of various lycopene acid level on sperm quality after thawing

Treatment¹⁾	Sperm motility	Sperm viability	Sperm abnormality	PMI
L0 (0%)	48.14 ± 1.57^a2)	48.14 ± 1.57^a	26.57 ± 2.07^cd	56.14 ± 1.77^a
L1 (1%)	50.14 ± 2.27^ab	50.14 ± 2.27^ab	22.29 ± 2.69^a	57.86 ± 1.68^ab
L2 (2%)	52.43 ± 1.27^bc	52.43 ± 1.27^ab	23.86 ± 2.12^bc	59.00 ± 1.41^b
L3 (3%)	54.00 ± 3.11^c	54.00 ± 3.11^bc	25.14 ± 1.21^bcd	60.86 ± 1.95^cd
L4 (4%)	51.57 ± 3.21^bc	48.14 ± 1.57^bc	24.00 ± 1.23^bc	61.57 ± 2.23^cde

L0 without addition of lycopene; L1, with addition of 1 mg lycopene into 100 mL extender; L2, with addition of 2 mg lycopene into 100 mL extender; L3, with addition of 3 mg lycopene into 100 mL extender, L4 with addition of 4 mg lycopene into 100 mL extender.
Data show all mean ± standard error of means (n = 7).
Means in a column with different superscripts differ significantly at p < 0.05.
PMI, plasma membrane integrity.