Table 4. Chemical compositions and fermentation characteristics of silages prepared with either persimmon peel or damaged whole persimmons and rice straw

Variable	Treatment¹⁾							SEM	p-value
Variable	PP3R7	PP5R5	PP7R3	PP8R2	WP3R7	WP5R5	WP7R3	SEM	P²⁾	R	P×R
DM (%)	39.91^d	33.81^c	27.22^b	23.34^a	41.99^d	35.37^c	26.36^b	0.921	0.156	< 0.001	0.182
OM (% DM)	88.07^b	87.74^ab	89.12^c	91.46^d	87.35^a	87.79^ab	87.41^a	0.178	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
CP (% DM)	5.95^a	6.00^a	6.11^a	6.08^a	5.83^a	6.12^a	6.79^b	0.102	0.018	0.001	0.005
EE (% DM)	2.53^b	2.81^b	2.60^b	2.80^b	1.28^a	1.49^a	1.11^a	0.158	< 0.001	0.237	0.721
NDF (% DM)	67.52^d	63.09^c	56.49^b	46.62^a	67.18^d	62.60^c	54.18^b	1.032	0.236	< 0.001	0.579
ADF (% DM)	42.99^d	40.82^c	37.02^b	31.44^a	43.39^d	40.33^c	35.32^b	0.678	0.303	< 0.001	0.330
pH	4.17^d	4.15^d	3.99^bc	3.89^a	4.20^d	4.04^c	3.96^ab	0.023	0.062	< 0.001	0.030
Lactate (g/kg DM)	29.06^a	32.12^b	44.26^c	47.95^c	32.45^b	41.64^c	57.08^d	2.976	0.003	< 0.001	0.305
Acetate (g/kg DM)	20.33^a	25.99^b	36.42^c	48.14^d	18.39^a	22.30^ab	31.54^c	1.717	0.026	< 0.001	0.696
Lactate:Acetate	1.47^ab	1.23^a	1.23^a	1.00^a	1.77^b	1.90^b	1.81^b	0.153	0.001	0.355	0.465
Ammonia-N (g/kg total N)	0.38^bc	0.43^d	0.35^b	0.23^a	0.42^cd	0.49^e	0.53^e	0.017	0.000	< 0.001	0.003
Total tannin (g/100 g)	1.92^abc	1.69^abc	1.46^a	1.54^ab	2.14^c	1.97^bc	1.57^ab	0.140	0.103	0.016	0.841
Flieg score	84.33^cd	81.00^abc	79.67^ab	74.33^a	88.67^cd	89.33^d	90.00^d	1.464	0.005	< 0.001	0.040
Flieg point	116.67^cd	106.33^b	99.67^a	96.33^a	121.00^d	114.33^c	99.33^a	2.485	0.002	0.112	0.521

PP3R7, PP5R5, PP7R3, PP8R2, persimmon peel mixed with rice straw at ratios of 3:7, 5: 5, 7:3, and 8:2, respectively; WP3R7, WP5R5, WP7R3, damaged whole persimmons mixed with rice straw at ratios of 3:7, 5:5, and 7:3, respectively.
P, effect of PP or WP; R, effect of mixing ratio; P×R, interaction between raw materials and mixing ratio.
Mean values with different superscripts within a row differ significantly (p < 0.05).
PP, persimmon peel; , damaged whole persimmons; DM, dry matter; OM, organic matter; EE, ether extract; CP, crude protein; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber.