Table 3. Concentration of metabolites (mg/100 g) of Hanwoo steer, heifer, and cow striploin

Metabolites	Steer	Heifer	Cow	p-value
Amino acids
Alanine	18.77 ± 1.47¹⁾	21.14 ± 5.23	22.70 ± 6.73	0.646
Betaine	9.00 ± 2.82	10.41 ± 2.69	7.53 ± 2.25	0.447
Glutamate	7.29 ± 3.83	3.41 ± 0.40	4.55 ± 3.13	0.306
Glycine	9.32 ± 1.78^a	15.94 ± 2.078^b	18.00 ± 2.00^b	0.004
Isoleucine	2.15 ± 0.078^a	5.43 ± 0.69^ab	6.54 ± 4.18^b	0.015
Leucine	3.05 ± 0.05	5.50 ± 0.98	7.12 ± 4.20	0.069
Methionine	1.70 ± 0.15^a	8.23 ± 1.28^b	11.27 ± 7.48^b	0.013
Phenylalanine	2.42 ± 0.09^a	8.13 ± 1.13^ab	11.24 ± 4.21^b	0.014
Tyrosine	2.63 ± 0.07^a	7.23 ± 1.16^b	8.32 ± 4.04^b	0.023
Valine	3.22 ± 0.03^a	6.52 ± 0.95^ab	8.43 ± 5.98^b	0.035
Dimethylglycine (DMG)	0.47 ± 0.02^a	0.85 ± 0.16^b	1.04 ± 0.14^b	0.004
Bioactive compounds
Carnitine	55.95 ± 4.21^a	78.38 ± 12.11^ab	92.42 ± 9.24^b	0.008
Carnosine	42.56 ± 13.14^a	128.78 ± 3.91^b	41.13 ± 12.41^a	< 0.001
Energy metabolism-related products
Creatine	237.19 ± 40.95	293.16 ± 45.36	309.74 ± 22.19	0.120
lactate	415.40 ± 40.67	504.98 ± 76.19	534.78 ± 18.40	0.065
Nucleotide-related products
Hypoxanthine	15.03 ± 4.68	15.22 ± 2.20	19.41 ± 8.95	0.621
Inosine monophosphate (IMP)	50.58 ± 0.37	63.40 ± 3.57	63.91 ± 28.27	0.563
Inosine	14.07 ± 2.49^a	23.23 ± 3.71^b	25.95 ± 3.18^b	0.009
Others
Acetate	6.16 ± 1.98	3.75 ± 0.70	4.60 ± 1.33	0.196
Niacinamide	2.05 ± 0.41^a	5.53 ± 0.19^b	5.33 ± 1.16^b	0.002

The results are expressed as mean ± SD.
Different superscripts within the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05).