Table 3. α-diversity measurements

Measurements¹⁾	Inoculum		Diet			SEM	p-values
Measurements¹⁾	HWG	JBG	Growing	Early fattening	Late fattening	SEM	Inoculum	Diet	Inoculum × Diet
0 h rumen sample
Observed ASVs	722	738	-	-	-	24.057	0.7877	-	-
Chao1 estimates	1,523	1,429	-	-	-	89.729	0.6545	-	-
Evenness	0.91	0.93	-	-	-	0.006	0.1200	-	-
Shannon’s index	8.63	8.84	-	-	-	0.088	0.2845	-	-
Simpson’s index	0.99	1.00	-	-	-	0.001	0.2261	-	-
3 h of incubation
Observed ASVs	181^A	156^B	178	163	164	5.804	0.0268	0.3801	0.0938
Chao1 estimates	263	241	246	233	277	10.736	0.3346	0.2677	0.6825
Evenness	0.90	0.90	0.90^a	0.90^a	0.89^b	0.002	0.8856	0.0802	0.6731
Shannon’s index	6.72^a	6.51^b	6.75	6.58	6.52	0.061	0.0610	0.2040	0.1344
Simpson’s index	0.99^a	0.98^b	0.99	0.99	0.98	0.001	0.0990	0.1480	0.2051
24 h of incubation
Observed ASVs	248	233	247	235	240	6.890	0.2936	0.8524	0.7304
Chao1 estimates	340	343	368^a	316^c	341^b	10.003	0.8463	0.0863	0.1553
Evenness	0.89	0.88	0.89	0.88	0.89	0.002	0.4127	0.5128	0.4736
Shannon’s index	7.05	6.94	7.04	6.94	7.01	0.043	0.2416	0.7052	0.9264
Simpson’s index	0.99	0.98	0.99^a	0.98^b	0.99^a	0.001	0.7649	0.0881	0.8584

Goods coverage of all 0 h rumen samples were ≥ 67.3%, 3 h incubation samples were ≥ 94.8%, and 24 h incubation samples were ≥ 90.9%.
Superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
Superscripts indicate statistical tendency of differences (p < 0.1).
HWG, Hanwoo inoculum-treated group; JBG, Jeju Black inoculum-treated group; ASVs, amplicon sequence variants.