| Lactobacillus casei ZhangLactobacillus plantarum P-8Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis V9 | 2 × 109 CFU/g (2 g for young, 4 g for training, 10 g for elderly dogs) | Lactobacillus casei Zhang (koumiss)Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (Fermented dairy products in China)Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis V9(Feces of a healthy Mongolian child) | Young, training and elderly dogs | Assessment of nutrition, immunity and composition of fecal microbiome | Promoted the average daily feed intake of elderly dogsImproved average daily weight gain om all dogsEnhanced the level of serum IgG, IFN-α, and fecal secretory IgA (sIgA), while reducing the TNF-α.Increased beneficial bacteria and decreased potentially harmful bacteria | [14] |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL | 5.0 × 109 CFU/kg of diet | Gastrointestinal (GI) tract of a healthy adult chicken | Healthy dogs | Assessment of nutritional and fecal status | Higher body condition score than control groupPositive effect on fecal consistency | [31] |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | 5 × 108 CFU/day | Feces of a healthy breast-fed baby | Dogs with diarrhea | Assessment of the effect of administering metronidazole with Enterococcus faecium SF68 to treat diarrhea | Dual therapy that administrates metronidazole with Enterococcus faecium SF68 improved diarrhea more than administering metronidazole aloneGiardia cysts were eliminated from the dual treatment group | [32] |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | 5 × 108 CFU/day | Feces of a healthy breast-fed baby | Healthy dogs | Assessment of blood sample profile | Mean cholesterol concentration significantly decreasedMean triglyceride concentration significantly increased | [33] |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL (CECT 4529) | 5 × 109 CFU/kg of food | Conventional foods such as milk, yogurt and dietary supplements | Healthy adult cats | Assessment of the effects on nutritional condition and fecal quality | Improved fecal quality parametersIncreased Lactobacillus count and decreased total coliform bacteria counts | [44] |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | 2.1 × 109 CFU/day | A healthy breast-fed newborn baby | Cats | Effects on Enterococcus faecium SF68 in diarrhea | The percentage of cats with diarrhea was significantly lower in the probiotic group when compared with the placebo group | [45] |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | 1/4 can of canned food mixed with Enterococcus faecium | A healthy breast-fed newborn baby | Young adult cats | Description of the GI abnormalities associated with the administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate to cats and an assessment of whether feeding with Enterococcus faecium SF68 could ameliorate those abnormalities | The total diarrhea scores for days 1–11 were significantly lower in the cats fed Enterococcus faecium SF68 compared to the cats fed the placeboFeeding Enterococcus faecium SF68 can lessen some associated clinical abnormalities | [46] |
| Enterococcus faecium SF68 | 5 × 108 CFU/day | A healthy breast-fed newborn baby | Cats with chronic Feline Herpes virus-1 (FHV-1) infection | Assessment of the effect of feeding Enterococcus faecium SF68 in clinical signs of FHV-1 infection | Fecal microbial diversity was maintained throughout the study in cats supplemented with Enterococcus faecium SF68, indicating a more stable microbiome in cats receiving Enterococcus faecium SF68Lessened morbidity associated with chronic FHV-1 infection in some cats | [47] |
| Proviable®-DC (7 bacterial species) | 5 × 109 CFU of a mixture of seven bacterial species per day | Multistrain probiotic product | Adult cat | Improvement in stool character | Improved diarrhea symptoms after 21-day feeding | [48] |
| Lactobacillus plantarum | 1 × 108 CFU/mL | Mare’s milk | Cats with chronic gingivostomatitis | Assessment of preventive and therapeutic oral pathology | The administration of the probiotic to the two immunosuppressed cats affected by gingivostomatitis led to an improvement in the time of recurrenceThe symptoms of chronic feline gingivostomatitis disappeared after two weeks of administrationThe ulceration, inflammation and pain of the oral cavity decreased, thalism and halitosis disappeared | [49] |
| Probiotic combination | Lactobacillus casei 4 × 108 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 3 × 108 CFU, Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 × 107 CFU, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 1 × 107 CFU, Bifidobacterium infantis 4 × 107 CFU, Bifidobacterium breve 5 × 107 CFU, Streptococcus thermophilus 1 × 108 CFU | Multistrain probiotic product | 8-month-old male cats | Management of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) using probiotics | Probiotic combination treatment effectively managed this disease due the effect of bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions | [50] |
| Proviable®-DC (7 bacterial species) | 5 × 109 CFU of a mixture of seven bacterial species per day | Multistrain probiotic product | Healthy cats | Assessment of a multispecies on the fecal microbiome of healthy cats | Increased abundance of probiotic bacteria in the feces of healthy cats | [85] |