Table 1. List of canine and feline origin bacterial strains used as probiotic properties in canines and felines

Bacterial strains	Amount	Source	Group	Tested for	Result	Reference
Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7	2 × 1010 CFU/day	Canine	Young adult dogs with acute diarrhea	Assessment for managing acute diarrhea	Reduced diarrhea compared to placebo group	[22]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP01Lactobacillus plantarum MP02	109 CFU/day	Canine	1 month old puppies	Assessments for preventing gastrointestinal infection in puppies	Significantly increased Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium in fecalSignificantly increased SCFAs concentration in fecesPrevented gastrointestinal infection	[23]
Lactobacillus murinus LbP2	5 × 109 CFU/day	Canine	Dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV)-associated diarrhea	Assessment of fecal and mental status	Fecal consistency, mental status and appetite were significantly improved	[24]
Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23	2.3 × 108 CFU/day	Canine	Adult female Labrador dogs	Assessment of nutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative metabolites	Increased crude fiber digestibilityIncreased concentrations of SCFAs in fecesReduction in fecal ammonia concentration	[25]
Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7421	107–109 CFU/day	Canine	Dogs suffering from gastrointestinal disorder	Assessment of blood samples and composition of the fecal microbiome	Improved total protein, cholesterol and ALT in blood samplesIncreased lactic acid bacteria population and decreased clostridia population along with some of the gram-negative bacterial generaModulate liquid feces to normal consistency (dogs with diarrhea)	[26]
Lactobacillus fermentum AD1	3 mL of 109 CFU/mL	Canine	Healthy dogs	Assessment of blood sample and composition of fecal microbiome	Significantly increased total lipid and total protein in the bloodSignificantly decreased glucose concentration in the bloodstreamSignificantly increased the number of lactobacilli and enterococci in the feces	[27]
Bifidobacterium animalis B/12	1 mL of 1.04 × 109 CFU/mL	Canine	Healthy dogs	Assessment of blood samples and composition of fecal microbiome	Significantly decreased concentration of triglycerides and albumin in blood serumIncreased ALT and ALPIncreased acetic, acetoacetic and valeric acids in feces	[28]
Lactobacillus johnsonii CPN23	108 CFU/mL (0.1 mL/kg BW)	Canine	Adult female dogs	Assessment of blood sample profile	Decreased plasma glucose and cholesterol levelIncreased HDL/LDL ratio	[29]
Enterococcus faecium DSM 32820	109 CFU/day	Canine	Healthy dog	Assessment of blood sample profile	Decreased serum glucose concentration	[30]
Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM13241	2 × 108 CFU/day	Feline	Healthy adult cats	Assessment for improving intestinal health in cats	Increased numbers of beneficial Lactobacillus and L. acidophilus groups in feces and decreased numbers of Clostridium spp. and Enterococcus faecalisDecreased fecal pH and plasma endotoxin concentrations resulting in systemic and immunomodulatory changes in treated cats	[41]
Enterococcus hirae	2.85–4.28 × 108 CFU/day	Feline	Kittens	Assessment for preventing atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in kittens	Highly effective at promoting intestinal colonization and fecal shedding of live E. hirae during administration.Ameliorated the effects of atypical EPEC experimental infection on intestinal function and water loss	[42]
Enterococcus faecium SF68	5 × 109 CFU/day	Feline	Kittens	Effects of Enterococcus faecium strain SF68 supplementation on immune function	The percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in the treatment group	[43]

SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BW, body weight; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.