Table 2. List of serum differential metabolites among yak, yellow cattle and dairy cow (n = 12)

NO. Metabolites Yak vs cattle Yak vs dairy cow Cattle vs dairy cow
Ratio p-value VIP Ratio p-value VIP Ratio p-value VIP
1 L-Acetopine 9.287 1.17E-03 2.237 5.183 4.55E-03 2.082
2 LysoPC (18:0) 7.211 7.94E-06 2.558 7.621 3.30E-06 2.906
3 7-Ketodeoxycholic acid 6.780 2.93E-03 2.358 0.161 5.11E-04 3.567
4 LysoPC (16:0) 6.379 1.09E-04 2.311 0.131 6.89E-06 2.572
5 LysoPC (18:1) 6.219 3.65E-05 2.401 5.979 3.69E-05 2.539
6 Ganoderol A 6.042 1.81E-05 2.564 5.110 4.73E-05 2.264
7 α-Linolenic acid 0.179 1.93E-05 2.342 0.181 1.73E-07 2.816
8 Stearoylcarnitine 0.141 4.00E-13 2.782 0.103 7.26E-14 3.428
9 Taurocholic acid 0.099 5.33E-06 3.151 0.186 7.83E-05 2.477
10 TG (14:0) 0.098 4.37E-08 2.979 0.081 8.98E-10 1.936
11 Heme O 0.089 3.83E-07 3.345 0.081 1.98E-07 3.623
12 Tauroursodeoxycholic acid 0.084 3.71E-06 3.393 0.133 2.61E-05 3.119
13 Ganodermic acid TQ 0.063 3.96E-07 3.500 0.147 2.16E-05 2.721
14 L-Glutamine 41.331 2.93E-10 2.094 50.738 3.27E-09 2.243
15 L-Glutamic acid 15.615 1.84E-07 1.764 16.328 3.30E-06 2.096
16 Daucic acid 8.296 2.66E-05 1.410 6.906 5.44E-05 1.351
17 L-Malic acid 5.635 2.69E-09 1.320 8.920 1.45E-08 1.798
18 Pterosin N 0.095 1.69E-06 1.474 0.073 5.82E-17 1.882
19 Linoleic acid 0.078 2.03E-06 1.744 0.060 2.18E-06 1.826
20 Pyrocatechol sulfate 0.031 9.83E-11 2.130 0.106 1.62E-04 1.167
21 Methyl levulinate 0.007 2.59E-17 2.578 0.019 3.04E-05 1.582
22 LysoPC (22:6) 8.040 1.68E-09 3.084
23 Lactapiperanol D 7.664 1.46E-08 3.178
24 Octadecyl fumarate 6.929 1.33E-07 2.797
25 27-Norcholestanehexol 6.225 1.89E-07 3.014
26 Lysyl-Threonine 5.756 4.46E-07 2.940
27 5-Hydroxy-tryptophol 5.682 1.08E-05 2.663
28 LysoPC (22:4) 5.665 4.70E-08 2.611
29 beta-Elemonic acid 5.555 1.21E-07 2.704
30 L-Carnitine 5.539 7.49E-08 2.715
31 Malonyl-Carnitin 5.461 1.78E-07 2.920
32 Cortisol 5.210 2.99E-05 2.455
33 Polyporusterone B 5.058 1.78E-05 2.896
34 Acetaminophen glucuronide 0.199 5.80E-03 2.147
35 Eicosatetraenoic acid 0.195 4.34E-06 2.348
36 12-Ketodeoxycholic acid 0.191 1.81E-04 2.932
37 Pterosin O 0.149 4.72E-06 2.921
38 Phenylalanyl-Tryptophan 0.144 9.62E-08 2.968
39 N-Heptanoylglycine 0.137 1.79E-09 2.834
40 Hexaethylene glycol 0.125 4.52E-04 2.333
41 Glycyrrhizin 0.107 1.10E-06 3.200
42 Campesteryl linoleate 0.103 1.07E-04 3.643
43 Psychosine sulfate 0.091 1.75E-09 3.191
44 D-Xylose 0.084 3.42E-03 2.262
45 Cellulose triacetate 0.076 2.61E-06 3.463
46 6a-Hydroxy-paclitaxel 0.070 6.90E-13 3.368
47 TG (18:1) 0.063 7.34E-10 3.311
48 Paradol 0.053 2.32E-15 3.789
49 Torvonin A 5.959 1.10E-10 1.534
50 Allantoin 0.168 2.66E-04 1.632
51 Ethyl pyruvate 0.154 8.04E-05 1.661
52 2-Hydroxybutyric acid 0.148 5.76E-07 1.539
53 Galactitol 0.078 8.58E-04 1.423
54 Cystathionine ketimine 9.393 2.68E-04 1.256
55 L-Phenylalanine 5.220 1.86E-08 1.467
56 PC (16:0) 7.816 8.68E-03 2.112
57 LysoPC (20:3) 0.196 4.88E-05 2.219
58 TG (15:0) 0.014 4.52E-18 4.611 0.139 9.69E-05 2.035
59 Heliantriol A1 0.183 1.00E-03 1.682
60 Corbisterol 0.183 4.19E-06 5.027
61 Diacetoxypropyl stearate 0.176 9.65E-04 4.455
62 Famprofazone 0.164 4.15E-07 5.073
63 Leontogenin 0.147 2.01E-06 5.420
The ratio is > 5.0 or < 0.2.
LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; TG, triglycerides.