Table 4. Effects of dry-aging on free amino acids (mg/100 g) in the boneless bovine gluteus medius and bone-in infraspinatus muscles from KNHS meat

FAA	Gluteus medius		Infraspinatus		SEM¹⁾	p-value
FAA	Un-aged	Aged	Un-aged	Aged	SEM¹⁾	p-value
Taurine	5.15^c	11.62^b	57.66^a	56.94^a	0.774	< .0001
Aspartic acid	7.87	7.30	10.14	8.90	0.910	0.3387
Threonine	3.41^c	24.03^a	3.62^c	19.83^b	0.473	< .0001
Serine	4.01^c	33.71^a	5.96^c	25.02^b	0.840	< .0001
Asparagine	3.38^c	28.64^a	16.55^b	33.92^a	2.359	0.0006
Glutamic acid	27.52^bc	30.82^b	53.62^a	21.24^c	1.519	< .0001
Proline	1.12	2.36	1.57	1.66	0.301	0.1837
Glycine	12.26^c	43.91^a	12.74^c	33.64^b	1.003	< .0001
Alanine	27.11^d	82.21^a	43.46^c	64.27^b	2.796	< .0001
Valine	3.67^c	30.19^a	3.20^c	22.64^b	0.956	< .0001
Cystine	0.52^ab	0.70^a	0.65^a	0.37^b	0.061	0.045
Methionine	2.94^c	21.34^a	3.03^c	15.47^b	0.523	< .0001
Isoleucine	2.99^c	19.34^a	2.64^c	13.86^b	0.540	< .0001
Leucine	6.30^c	46.65^a	5.85^c	34.50^b	1.373	< .0001
Tyrosin	3.55^c	24.26^a	3.28^c	17.18^b	0.442	< .0001
Phenyalanine	3.23^c	23.95^a	3.08^c	17.38^b	0.817	< .0001
Histidine	2.20^c	13.11^a	3.20^c	11.13^b	0.233	< .0001
Tryptophane	15.65^a	17.02^a	6.92^b	9.54^b	1.028	0.0031
Lysine	3.50^c	24.55^a	2.68^c	23.05^b	0.292	< .0001
Ammonia	20.15^b	31.69^b	26.89^b	53.90^a	3.097	0.0103
Arginine	2.59^b	14.77^a	6.13^b	3.99^b	0.680	0.0004
∑ FAA	159.35^d	534.87^a	272.96^c	475.22^b	3.632	< .0001
∑ Tasty AA²⁾	81.20^d	267.87^a	138.62^c	220.96^b	4.061	< .0001
∑ Bitter AA³⁾	25.06^c	171.72^a	28.72^c	120.64^b	4.225	< .0001
Tasty/bitter AA	3.24^b	1.56^c	4.85^a	1.85^c	0.121	< .0001

n=12.
∑Tasty AA, sum of asparagine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, and alanine
∑Bitter AA, a sum of valine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, methionine, arginine, and proline.
Mean values with different letters in row differ significantly (p < 0.05).
KNHS, Korean Native Hanwoo Steer; FAA, free amino acids.