Table 3. Effects of Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with CaO and AHP as substitutional ingredient of TMR on in situ DM, NDF and ADF disappearance (%)

Item	Time (h)	Treatments¹⁾				SEM	p-value
Item	Time (h)	CON	TC	TCC	TCCA	SEM	p-value
DM disappearance (%)	0	31.16^b	34.64^a	30.63^b	30.15^b	0.35	< 0.01
	3	53.54^c	57.65^a	54.67^b	53.86^c	0.16	< 0.01
	6	60.51	61.78	60.75	62.01	0.56	0.25
	9	62.50^bc	64.49^ab	61.44^c	64.98^a	0.59	< 0.05
	12	63.58^b	67.85^a	64.78^b	68.14^a	0.69	< 0.01
	24	72.23^b	74.94^b	75.12^b	79.53^a	0.93	< 0.01
NDF disappearance (%)	3	5.12	5.58	9.10	11.92	2.32	0.39
	6	18.35	11.13	11.94	19.93	3.07	0.30
	9	21.71	16.09	17.19	24.85	2.52	0.18
	12	26.98	22.31	24.30	23.71	3.59	0.87
	24	37.24	37.49	38.48	40.77	2.16	0.77
ADF disappearance (%)	3	1.98	3.59	8.18	6.96	1.80	0.31
	6	10.70	4.08	13.85	12.90	3.47	0.50
	9	11.41	7.68	16.87	15.48	3.31	0.55
	12	12.23	14.95	19.06	16.10	2.65	0.48
	24	25.68	24.29	31.14	35.57	2.45	0.21

TMR only (CON); TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products (TC); TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products + 5% CaO (TCC); TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products + 5% CaO + 3.22% AHP (TCCA), fresh matter basis.
Means with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05).
CaO, calcium oxide; AHP, alkaline hydrogen peroxide; TMR, total mixed ration; DM, dry matter; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; A:P ratio, acetate to propionate ratio.