Table 1. Important Milestones in history of in-vitro meat

Phase Year Milestones
Origin of the idea 1912 Development and maintenance of embryonic chicken heart tissue culture from 1912 to 1946 by Alexis Carrel (1912–1946)
Fictionalization 1927 Beef steak in Lab by JBS Haldane in his essay ‘Future of Biology,
1931 Frederick Edwin Smith and Winston Churchill anticipated in-vitro meat
1932 Publication of ‘Thoughts and Adventures’ book including Winston Churchill famous essay ‘Fifty Year Hence’
1943 French science fiction author Rene Barjavel also described the cultured meat in his novel ‘Ravage’
1952 Description of Vat Grown Meat in novel ‘The Sapce Merchant’ by F. Pohl and C. Kornbluth
1967 Translation of Ravage novel as Ashes, Ashes’
1971 Article on Growth of Smooth muscle in culture and formation of elastic fibre by Russel Ross
Tangible realization of the idea 1995 Approval by in-vitro production by USDA
1996 Creation of first tissue by Oron Catts and Lonat Zurr under Tissue Culture and Art Project
1997 Lab grown fish muscle as space food by Borris Benjaminson
1998–1999 Filing and later grant of first patent on ‘Method of Producing Tissue Engineered Meat for Consumption’ to Willem Frederik Van Eelen
1999 Filing of patent for ‘Industrial Scale Production of Meat from in-vitro cell culture’ by Van Eelen, Van Kooten, and Wiete Westerhof
2002 Cultivation of dorsal abdominal skeletal muscle mass of Carassius (Gold fish) in media containing fetal bovine serum substitutes and later tested for organoleptic attributes by breading and fat frying
Frog steak developed with frog skeletal muscle cells over biopolymer
Refining technology for mass production 2004 Formation of in-vitro Meat Alliance for sustainable meat production
2004–till date Setting up of various start-ups (especially after 2013) and increasing funding from various government and environmental groups
2005 Journal of Tissue Engineering published paper on in-vitro -cultured meat production
2007 Formation of in-vitro meat consortium alliance by environment conscious scientist
2008 Announcement of 1 million USD prize by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PeTA) for the first commercially viable in-vitro chicken meat nuggets at Ist in-vitro meat symposium
Organization of first international symposium on in-vitro meat by Norwegian Food Research Institute
2011 Advocating term Cultured meat in place of in-vitro meat by European Science Foundation
2013 Production, tasting and patent of world’s first cultured meat-based beef burger in 2013 by Professor Mark Post, a Dutch scientist
2014 Publication of in-vitro Meat Cookbook detailing 45 different recipes
2019 Good Food Institute USA funded 6 projects with 2,50,000 USD each for research on lab grown meat
Sources: [32,3639,78,116,160,161].