Table 5. Behavior patterns of sows kept in individual confinement stall and group housing facility during gestation

Items	Action duration (min/h)				Action frequency (no. of times/h)
	CON	GHF	Z-value	p-value	CON	GHF	Z-value	p-value
Standing	10.79 ± 2.23	0.77 ± 0.44	−4.26	0.01	5.25 ± 0.99	0.70 ± 0.36	−4.23	0.01
Lying	40.88 ± 3.15	44.07 ± 3.35	−1.26	0.21	5.75 ± 0.36	5.44 ± 0.44	−0.49	0.18
Sitting	0.89 ± 0.47	0.33 ± 0.20	−1.03	0.30	0.75 ± 0.29	0.42 ± 0.24	−1.05	0.16
Eating	5.81 ± 1.76	5.20 ± 1.79	−0.93	0.35	2.50 ± 0.66	1.81 ± 0.55	−1.09	0.19
Rubbing	0.67 ± 0.44	-	-	-	0.38 ± 0.21	-	-	-
Activity	-	4.27 ± 1.25	-	-	-	2.37 ± 0.60	-	-
Exploring	-	4.76 ± 1.42	-	-	-	1.81 ± 0.58	-	-
Threatening	-	0.16 ± 0.11	-	-	-	0.28 ± 0.19	-	-
Belly nosing	-	0.06 ± 0.06	-	-	-	0.14 ± 0.14	-	-
Mounting	-	0.36 ± 0.36	-	-	-	0.14 ± 0.14	-	-

Values are expressed as mean ± SE.
Dashes signified non observation of classified behaviors.
CON, individual confinement stall; GHF, group housing facility.