Table 3. Least squares mean of breed on in vitro ruminal parameters by the thickness of corn flakes using the pressurized steam chamber

Item	Breed	Treatments¹⁾			SEM
Item	Breed	T1	T2	T3	SEM
pH	Holstein	5.86^ab	5.84^b	5.90^a	0.04
	Hanwoo	5.91^c	5.95^b	6.03^a	0.03
	Vd²⁾	–0.05^NS	–0.11**	–0.13**
Acetate (mmol/L)	Holstein	50.26^a	45.78^b	46.53^b	2.60
	Hanwoo	42.04^NS	42.51^NS	41.94^NS	1.87
	Vd	8.22**	3.27*	4.59*
Propionate (mmol/L)	Holstein	26.51^ab	27.13^a	25.23^b	1.42
	Hanwoo	21.16^a	19.95^ab	19.34^b	1.03
	Vd	5.35**	7.18**	5.89**
Butyrate (mmol/L)	Holstein	15.60^NS	15.99^NS	15.47^NS	1.08
	Hanwoo	13.02^NS	13.14^NS	13.07^NS	0.86
	Vd	2.58**	2.85**	2.40*
Total-VFA (mmol/L)	Holstein	92.38^a	88.90^ab	87.24^b	4.17
	Hanwoo	76.22^NS	75.61^NS	74.35^NS	2.39
	Vd	16.16**	13.29**	12.89**

Treatments : T1 < 2.5 mm, T2 = 2.5–3.0 mm, and T3 > 3.0 mm.
Varietal difference: difference between Holstein and Hanwoo mean (Holstein - Hanwoo).
Means without same superscripts within a row are significantly different (p < 0.05).
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01.
SEM, standard error of the mean; NS, not significant; T-VFA, total volatile fatty acid.