Table 3. Effects of multi-carbohydrases on number of WBC, serum TNF-α, TGF-β1, CRP and cortisol of lactating sows
| Item | Treatments | SEM | p-value |
| CON | MCS |
| Day 0 | | | | |
| WBC (× 103/μL) | 15.02 | 14.48 | 1.016 | 0.718 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 265.63 | 313.21 | 19.827 | 0.121 |
| TGF-β1 (pg/mL) | 719.73 | 742.90 | 74.003 | 0.829 |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 260.77 | 195.50 | 31.604 | 0.175 |
| Cortisol (ng/mL) | 2.51 | 2.58 | 0.206 | 0.821 |
| Day 3 | | | | |
| WBC (× 103/μL) | 13.70 | 11.37 | 0.614 | < 0.05 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 267.52 | 257.77 | 6.617 | 0.322 |
| TGF-β1 (pg/mL) | 785.20 | 704.56 | 69.273 | 0.430 |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 193.08 | 186.32 | 31.313 | 0.882 |
| Cortisol (ng/mL) | 2.88 | 2.52 | 0.221 | 0.301 |
| Day 7 | | | | |
| WBC (× 103/μL) | 12.60 | 12.28 | 0.695 | 0.754 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 279.33 | 252.36 | 26.023 | 0.740 |
| TGF-β1 (pg/mL) | 951.14 | 730.61 | 83.832 | < 0.10 |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 167.75 | 127.49 | 35.199 | 0.438 |
| Cortisol (ng/mL) | 2.59 | 2.43 | 0.333 | 0.743 |
Values are presents as the least squares mean of 6 replicates for lactating sows.
WBC, white blood cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; CRP, C-reactive protein; CON, control diet based on corn and soybean meal; MCS, multi-carbohydrase diet; SEM, standard error of means.