Table 1. Feed ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets on a dry matter basis

Item Experimental diets
PA Ca-FA
Ingredient (g/kg DM)
 Corn silage 265.9 265.9
 Alfalfa hay 114.7 114.7
 Ground barley 180.4 180.4
 Ground corn 152.5 152.5
 Ground wheat 23.0 23.0
 Whole cottonseed 47.1 47.1
 Roasted soybean 14.1 14.1
 Soybean meal 92.2 92.2
 SigmaPlus1) 10.6 10.6
 Canola meal 23.5 23.5
 Meat meal 9.30 9.30
 Fish meal 8.80 8.80
 Smart-amine 0.50 0.50
 C16:0 enriched palm fat2) 28.0 -
 Ca-salts of palm fat3) - 28.0
 Vitamin-mineral mixture4) 2.60 2.60
 Sodium-bicarbonate 11.0 11.0
 Calcium carbonate 7.80 7.80
 Di-calcium phosphate 2.50 2.50
 Salt 4.60 4.60
Chemical composition
 DM (g/kg) 442 452
 NEL5) (Mcal/kg DM) 1.77 1.74
 CP (g/kg DM) 163 166
 NDF (g/kg DM) 333.2 341.6
 ADF (g/kg DM) 224.4 225.7
 NFC6) (g/kg DM) 428 435
 Fat (g/kg DM) 66 61
 Ash (g/kg DM) 80 89
By-pass soybean meal: Mehr Bisotune, Isfahan, Iran.
Energizer RP10, IFFCO, Malaysia. Composition: crude fat 99% (C16:0, 85%; C18:0, 2%).
Energizer Gold, IFFCO, Malaysia. Composition: ash 13%, moisture 2.5%−5%, calcium 8.5%−10%, crude fat 87.5% (C12:0, 0.2%; C14:0, 1.2%; C16:0, 47.6%; C18:0, 5%; C18:1, 38%; C18:2, 8%).
Composition: 10 g/kg of Mn, 16 g/kg of Zn, 4 g/kg of Cu, 0.15 g/kg of I, 0.12 g/kg of Co, 0.8 g/kg of Fe, 1,300,000 IU/kg of vitamin A, 360,000 IU/kg of vitamin D, and 12,000 IU/kg of vitamin E, 0.08 g/kg of Se.
Calculated from NRC [37].
Nonfibrous carbohydrates [NFC = OM − (NDF + CP + EE)].PA, high-palmitic acid; Ca-FA, calcium salts of fatty acids; DM, dry matter; NEL, net energy of lactation; CP, crude protein; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NFC, non-fiber carbohydrates; OM, organic matter; EE, ether extract.