Table 5. Least squares mean of breed on volatile fatty acids by the treatment conditions of corn flakes using the pressurized steam chamber

Treatment¹⁾	Acetate (mM)			Propionate (mM)			Butyrate (mM)			Total-VFA (mM)
Treatment¹⁾	Holstein	Hanwoo	Vd²⁾	Holstein	Hanwoo	Vd	Holstein	Hanwoo	Vd	Holstein	Hanwoo	Vd
T1	172.06^d	178.70^g	−6.64^NS	96.19^de	110.6^de	−14.41^**	83.70^a	61.50^de	22.20^**	351.95^ef	350.8^e	1.15^NS
T2	206.90^ab	200.86^bc	6.04^NS	129.83^ab	135.72^a	5.89^NS	66.34^e	67.32^e	−0.98^NS	403.06^bc	403.91^a	−0.85^NS
T3	199.31^bc	190.15^def	9.16^*	124.24^b	119.64^c	4.60^NS	72.10^cd	66.08^cd	6.02^*	395.64^bc	375.87^bcd	19.77^**
T4	213.10^a	188.31^ef	24.79^**	105.43^c	116.63^cd	−11.20^**	73.79^c	68.84^bc	4.95^**	392.32^c	373.77^cd	18.55^*
T5	194.44^c	210.16^a	−15.72^**	131.05^a	112.06^de	18.99^**	76.64^bc	56.45^e	20.19^**	402.13^bc	378.66^bc	23.47^**
T6	192.86^c	201.14^bc	−8.28^*	110.97^c	108.13^e	2.84^NS	76.50^bc	76.33^a	0.17^NS	380.33^d	385.59^b	−5.26^NS
T7	177.68^d	196.14^cde	−18.46^**	91.35^e	101.65^fg	−10.30^**	81.56^ab	68.84^bc	12.72^**	350.59^ef	366.62^d	−16.03^*
T8	179.53^d	180.44^g	−0.91^NS	92.16^e	98.98^gh	−6.82^*	73.16e^d	70.74^abc	2.42^NS	344.85^ef	350.16^e	−5.31^NS
T9	203.65^b	197.10^cd	6.55^NS	128.19^ab	126.43^b	1.76^NS	83.05^a	74.05^ab	9.00^*	414.89^a	397.58^a	17.31^*
T10	204.79^b	207.74^ab	−2.95^NS	129.31^ab	121.72^bc	7.59^*	72.36e^d	70.30^bc	2.06^NS	406.45^ab	399.76^a	6.69^NS
T11	176.03^d	198.67^c	−22.64^**	99.35^d	94.21^h	5.14^NS	66.02^e	76.04^a	−10.02^**	341.40^f	368.91e^d	−27.51^**
T12	179.08^d	195.69^de	−16.61^**	110.54^c	106.04^ef	4.50^NS	66.26^e	65.26^cd	1.00^NS	355.88^e	366.99^d	−11.11^NS
T13	160.63^e	185.45^fg	24.82^**	96.50^de	98.84^gh	−2.34^NS	67.58^de	48.11^f	19.47^**	324.72^g	332.41^f	−7.69^NS

Standard error: acetate, 2.96; propionate, 2.31; butyrate, 2.03; total-VFA, 4.03.
T1 (100°C, 720 s); T2 (105°C, 700 s); T3 (105°C, 850 s); T4 (105°C, 950 s); T5 (110°C, 400 s); T6 (112°C, 700 s); T7 (112°C, 850 s); T8 (112°C, 950 s); T9 (113°C, 600 s); T10 (115°C, 500 s); T11 (116°C, 700 s); T12 (116°C, 850 s); and T13 (116°C, 950 s).
Varietal difference: difference between Holstein and Hanwoo mean (Holstein-Hanwoo).
Means without same superscripts within a column are significantly different (p < 0.05).
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
not significant.