Table 1
Formula and chemical composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis)
| Item | Calf starter | Growing | Early fattening | Late fattening |
|---|
| Formula (%) |
| Corn grain | 5.00 | 27.0 | 35.6 | 37.0 |
| Wheat grain | 9.90 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 17.6 |
| Milk replacer | 10.15 | – | – | – |
| Cane molasses | – | 4.5 | 4.0 | 5.3 |
| Tapioca residue | – | 2.9 | 4.0 | 5.3 |
| Wheat flour | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Rapeseed meal | – | 6.0 | 0.8 | – |
| Whey powder | 10.00 | – | – | – |
| Soybean hull | 10.00 | – | – | – |
| Wheat bran | 14.00 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Corn gluten feed | 10.00 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 |
| Isolated soy protein | 5.50 | – | – | – |
| Distillers grain | – | 8.1 | – | – |
| Coconut meal | – | 6.0 | 5.0 | 1.8 |
| Palm kernel meal | – | 12.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| Banana meal | 10.00 | – | – | – |
| Beet pulp | 8.00 | – | – | – |
| Soybean oil | 3.00 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Limestone (1 mm) | 1.85 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Salt dehydrate | 0.50 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| DCP | 0.40 | – | – | – |
| Calf mix (additive) | 1.70 | – | – | – |
| Chemical composition (%) |
| Dry matter | 89.80 | 88.67 | 88.50 | 87.71 |
| Crude protein | 24.30 | 14.10 | 12.16 | 12.00 |
| Ether extract | 7.56 | 3.69 | 4.33 | 3.47 |
| Crude fiber | 4.72 | 7.30 | 6.82 | 6.71 |
| NDF1 | 27.13 | 26.51 | 24.79 | 23.76 |
| Ca | 1.30 | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.85 |
| P | 0.69 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.35 |
| Crude ash | 8.39 | 7.89 | 5.79 | 5.30 |
| TDN | 84.50 | 70.41 | 72.92 | 73.32 |