Table 4
In vitro ruminal fermentation metabolites of different forages

Attributes	Roughage			SEM	Significance (P value)
	Vigna sinensis hay	Acacia nilotica leaves	Ziziphus nummularia leaves
Total N (mg/dL)	47.3c	57.1b	60.5a	0.459	< 0.001
Ammonia N (mg/dL)	16.4b	17.3a	16.4b	0.209	0.046
TCA precipitable N (mg/dL)	15.7b	10.8c	21.8a	0.971	< 0.001
Acetic acid (mM/L)	26.3b	31.3a	11.1c	0.759	< 0.001
Propionic acid (mM/L)	5.31a	5.06a	2.60b	0.159	< 0.001
Isobutyric acid (mM/L)	0.88a	0.89a	0.26b	0.021	< 0.001
Butyric acid (mM/L)	2.89a	2.68a	2.28b	0.069	0.003
Isovaleric acid (mM/L)	0.75a	0.89a	0.24b	0.039	< 0.001
Valeric acid (mM/L)	0.37	0.34	0.64	0.103	0.137
Total VFA (mM/L)	36.5b	41.2a	17.1c	0.911	< 0.001
Branch-chain fatty acids (mM/L)	2.00a	2.13a	1.15b	0.119	0.002
Acetate: propionate ratio	4.96b	6.18a	4.25c	0.11	< 0.001
Non-glucogenic: glucogenic VFA ratio	4.66b	5.40a	4.47b	0.11	0.002